Monday, 17 October 2011
KEMAHIRAN MIKRO PENGAJARAN
Posted by re ronnidia engan at 20:14 0 comments
Wednesday, 12 October 2011
Posted by re ronnidia engan at 18:06 0 comments
pengajaran minggu ke 5
- asking a question / identifying a problem
- student need to plan and complete an investigation
- able to answer the question/ solve the problem
- then, communicating the result to others-presentation
Posted by re ronnidia engan at 17:47 0 comments
Sunday, 9 October 2011
Pengajaran Konstruktiviti
sudah berapa lama dah tak update blog ne..ok.. hari ini saya ingin menulis tentang pengajaran konstruktiviti. teori pengajaran konstruktiviti ini di ajar pada beberapa minggu lepas.
Modal Pengajaran Konstruktiviti meliputi ciri-ciri berikut:
1. Menentukan hasil pembelajaran
2. Rancang aktiviti P&P
3. Lakukan penafsiran
4. Berikan pengukuhan maklum balas
Menentukan Hasil Pembelajaran
- seorang guru haruslah membuat perkaitan dengan pengalaman pelajar.
- guru boleh mencungkil idea pelajar.
Rancang Aktiviti Pelajar
- aktiviti penerokaan dan penafsiran
Lakukan Penafsiran
- ia dilakukan dalam pengaplikasian idea dimana terdapat aktiviti pengayaan, penafsiran dan menyelesaikan masalah.
Berikan Pengukuhan Maklum Balas
- biasanya dilakukan diakhir iaitu penutup ataupun refleksi dimana kita membandingkan pengetahuan baru dengan idea yang lama seterusnya membuat penafsiran.
Prinsip Pembelajaran Kognitiviti
-proses berterusan dan aktif
-melibatkan aktiviti mental dan sosial
-melibatkan bahasa
-memerlukan adanya konteks
-memerlukan pengetahuan untuk belajar
-memerlukan masa yang mencukupi
Posted by re ronnidia engan at 05:03 0 comments
Friday, 23 September 2011
TEKNIK KWHL
What I Know
pendidikan - proses pelajar belajar.
instruksi -arahan.
pengajaran-proses penyampaian ilmu kepada pelajar.
teknologi-alat yang memudahkan penyampaian maklumat.
penaksiran-proses mengumpul maklumat tentang apa yang pelajar tahu dan boleh laksanakan.
pembelajaran-proses menerima ilmu dari guru.
What I Want to Know
apakah perkaitan antara semua konsep2 di atas?
How to Find Out
bertanya siapa2 yang tahu, cari di mr. google
What I Learned
pendidikan-proses pelajar mempelajari sesuatu dengan tujuan membangunkan diri atau tingkahlaku.pendidikan boleh jadi formal, non-formal dan informal.
instruksi-arahan dalam menyampaikan maklumat bagi mencapai objektif atau proses memudahcara ke arah objektif yang ditetapkan
pengajaran-guru menyampaikan maklumat serta proses yang berkaitan dengan penyebaran ilmu kemahiran tertentu meliputi aktiviti perancangan, pengelolaan, penyampaian dan penilaian.
teknologi-semua yang boleh dipakai untuk memudah cara atau menyelesaikan masalah penyampaian maklumat (tak semestinya alat)
penaksiran-sama seperti di atas
pembelajaran-proses menerima maklumat dan membina ilmu tersebut dalam diri pelajar.
Posted by re ronnidia engan at 04:30 0 comments
Sunday, 18 September 2011
biomass
Option | Description |
Biomass | Biomass is always available and can produced as renewable resource. Biomass refers to all forms of plant-derived material that can be used for energy such as wood, herbaceous plants,crop and forest residues, animal wastes etc. If people exercise proper conservation techniques, any form of biomass that is harvested to produced energy can be replaced over a period of time. The renewable energy source like biomass is available in unlimited quantities for unlimited period of time. Hence, if one were to be dependent on biomass there won’t be shortage of biomass as a fuel for them. Though biomass is a renewable resource, there are limits to how quickly it can be replaced. If people harvest trees for use as fuel or to convert into other form of fuel, those trees will take many years to replace with more trees of equal size. This mean we must focus on our efforts on using plants, grains and other forms of biomass that can replaced quickly and inexpensively. If the basic crops is no longer grown, the source will not available anymore. So, we need to plant more energy crops to get a continuously source for biomass energy. |
The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else. When we use wastes, the domestic waste will decreases as well. Then, the land we need for disposal also decreases. So, we can use the land that used to be a disposal site for grow energy crops. But, we might use the other land that maybe in demand for other porposes, such as farming, conservation, housing, resort or agriculture use. | |
The fuel is cheap and can use things that we might otherwise throw away. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels. | |
The number of job created (for production, harvesting and use) and the industrial growth from developing conversion facilities for fuel, industrial feedstock, and power would be enormous. In the end, this will mean a reduction in the emigration rates to urban environment. By providing farmers with stable income, these new markets diversify and strengthen the local economy by keeping income recycling through the community. | |
It takes more energy to plant, cultivate and harvest the crops and trees than it is worth to get a net energy gain. It also takes up more water from the earth and other fossil fuels to make the fertilizerz and fuels for planting and harvesting. It also, supposedly, takes up more land for crops and trees. | |
It can reduce the negative environmental effect. Although it released methane and carbon dioxide which is the greenhouse gases, all crops, including biomass energy crops, detach carbon in the plant and roots while they grow, providing carbon sink. In other word, the greenhouse gases released absorbed by the next crop growing. This is called a closed carbon cycle. Unfortunately, indiscriminate dumping and burning of biomass can give environment pollution because of the emission of smoke, haze hazard and toxic chemicals such as dioxins. Biomass crops can reduce water pollution and soil erosion. The crops stabilize the soil, thus reducing soil erosion. They also reduce nutrient run-off, which protects aquatic ecosystems. | |
Financial and technical barriers because we need high initial investment. Beside that, in Malaysia, we have very limited local technologies and equipment for production of biomass energy. We also have poor financial support and no record on biomass industry. Our current technologies also inefficient and polluting. But, we can collaborate with other country to improve our technologies, for example, with Japan. By the collaboration, we can achieved actual transfer of technology, improvement of current palm oil mill effluent(POME) wastewater treatment, mitigation measures of greenhouse gases emission, generation of renewable energy from methane and promote sustainable development of palm oil industry. |
Posted by re ronnidia engan at 19:06 0 comments
Wednesday, 14 September 2011
JAWAPAN SOALAN ISNIN LEPAS!!
BAGAIMANAKAH KEHIDUPAN TANPA TENAGA?..
ada tak sesiapa yang boleh bayangkan?..apa akan terjadi apabila waktu malam tiada lampu..macam mana nak basuh baju, bagi mereka yang biasa menggunakan mesin basuh..bagaimana pula kita nak memasak sekiranya tiada gas atau elektrik?..semua aktiviti harian yang biasa kita lakukan akan terbantut dan serba-serbinya tak menjadi..itu baru kita lihat dari aspek yang biasa kita lakukan..
macam mana pula dengan industri negara atau ekonomi negara?..kebanyakan industri di Malaysia bergantung kepada tenaga elektrik untuk bergerak..jadi, sekiranya tiba-tiba tenaga elektrik di Malaysia kekurangan, sudah tentu kegiatan dalam bidang industri ini juga akan terhenti atau berkurang dan seterusnya menyebabkan ekonomi negara juga akan jatuh..
APAKAH YANG ANDA TAHU TENTANG TENAGA NUCLEAR?..
tenaga nuclear adalah tenaga yang terhasil daripada bahan radioaktif melalui proses 'nuclear fission' dimana atom akan terpisah untuk membentuk atom yang lebih kecil. tenaga yang terhasil melalui proses ini adalah sangat banyak. bahan radioaktif yang biasa digunakan di loji nuclear ialah uranium,U-235 kerana sifat atomnya yang senang terpisah.
tenaga nuclear boleh dijadikan sebagai sumber tenaga yang utama di Malaysia sekiranya mempunyai tempat yang sesuai disamping mengambil langkah keselamatan yang kukuh dengan mengambilkira akan kemungkinan bencana alam yang akan berlaku agar tidak berlaku kebocoran..namun begitu, sebelum membuat keputusan untuk menjadikan tenaga nuclear sebagai tenaga utama, kita juga harus mengambil kira sumber tenaga lain seperti biomass, tenaga solar, hidroelektrik dan tenaga-tenaga lain yang berpotensi di Malaysia bagi menggantikan petroleum yang semakin berkurang.
Posted by re ronnidia engan at 05:35 0 comments